Friday, 10 January 2014

Glossary Terminology part7-S

S
save file
A debugging tool where all the keystrokes typed by the user are saved in a filefo r future
use. See also replay file.

scanf
A library input function that reads numbers directly from the keyboard. Hard to use. In most
cases an fgets/sscanf combination is used. From the old C-style I/O package stdio.

scope
The scope of a variable is the portion of a program where the name of the variable is
known.

segmentation violation
An error caused by a program trying to access memory outside its address space. Caused
by de-referencing a bad pointer.

set a bit
The operation of setting a specified bit to 1. This is not a defined operation in C++.

setw
An I/O manipulator to set the width of the next output.

shift
The operation of moving the bits in a bit field either left or right.

short
An arithmetic data type that is the same size as, or smaller than, an integer.

side effect
An operation performed in addition to the main operation of a statement such
as incrementing a variable in an assignment statement: result = begin++ - end;.

significand
The most significant digit of a floating-point number without regard to placement of the
radix point.

significant digit
A digit that must be kept to preserve a given accuracy.
single quotation mark
ASCII character 39. Used in C++ to delimit a single character.

sizeof
Operator that returns the size, in bytes, of a data type of variable.

source code
Symbolic coding in its original form before it is translated by a computer.

source file
A file containing source code.

specification
A document that describes what a program does.

sprintf
Similar to fprintf except it uses a string output. From the old C-style I/O package stdio.

sscanf
A library input routine. From the old C-style I/O package stdio.

stack
An area of memory used to hold a list of data and instructions on a temporary basis.

stack overflow
An error caused by a program using too much temporary space (stack space) for its
variables. Caused by a big program or by infinite recursion.

stack variable
See temporary variable.

static
A storage class attribute. Inside a set of curly braces, it indicates a permanent variable.
Outside a set of curly braces, it indicates a file-local variable. For class members it
denotes a variable or function that is instance independent. See Table 14-1 for a complete
list of uses.

stderr
Predefined standard error file. From the old C-style I/O package stdio.

stdin
Predefined input source. From the old C-style I/O package stdio.

stdio.h
The old C-style I/O package.

stdout
Predefined standard output. From the old C-style I/O package stdio.
storage class
An attribute of a variable definition that controls how the variable will be stored in
memory.

string
A sequence of characters or an array of characters.

struct
A C++ keyword that identifies a structure data type.

structure
A hierarchical set of names that refers to an aggregate of data items that may have different
attributes.

style sheet
A document that describes the style of programming used by a particular company or
institution.

Sunview
A graphics and windowing system available on SUN workstations.

switch
A multiway branch that transfers control to one of several case statements based on the
value of an index expression.

syntax
Rules that govern the construction of statements.

syntax error
An error in the proper construction of a C++ expression.

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