Friday, 10 January 2014

Glossary Terminology part2-A,B,C.

A
abstract class
A class containing one or more pure virtual functions.

accuracy
A quantitative measurement of the error inherent in the representation of a real number.

address
A value that identifies a storage location in memory.

AND
A Boolean operation that yields 0 if either operand is 0 and 1 if both operands are 1.

ANSI C
Any version of C that conforms to the specifications of the American National Standards Institute Committee X3J.

ANSI C++
Any version of C++ that conforms to the specifications of the American National
Standards Institute. At the time of this writing, the standards exist only in draft form and
there are still a lot of details to be worked out.

array
A collection of data elements arranged to be indexed in one or more dimensions. In C++,
arrays are stored in contiguous memory.

ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A code to represent characters.
assignment statement
An operation that stores a value in a variable.

auto
A C++ keyword used to create temporary variables.
automatic variable.

B
base class
A class that is used as the base for a derived class.

bit
Binary digit; either of the digits 0 or 1.

bit field
A group of contiguous bits taken together as a unit. This C++ language feature allows the
access of individual bits.

bit flip
The inversion of all bits in an operand. See also complement.

bit operator
See bitwise operator.

bitmapped graphics
Computer graphics where each pixel in the graphic output device is controlled by a single
bit or a group of bits.

bitwise operator
An operator that performs Boolean operations on two operands, treating each bit in an
operand as individual bits and performing the operation bit by bit on corresponding bits.

block
A section of code enclosed in curly braces.

Borland C++
A version of the C++ language for personal computers developed by Borland. This is the
high-end version of Borland's Turbo-C++ product.

boxing (a comment)
The technique of using a combination of asterisks, vertical and horizontal rules, and other
typographic characters to draw a box around a comment in order to set it off from the code.

break
A statement that terminates the innermost execution of for, while, switch, and
do/while statements.

breakpoint
A location in a program where normal execution is suspended and control is turned over to
the debugger.

buffered I/O
Input/output where intermediate storage (a buffer) is used between the source and
destination of an I/O stream.

byte
A group of eight bits.

C
C
A general-purpose computer programming language developed in 1974 at Bell
Laboratories by Dennis Ritchie. C is considered to be a medium- to high-level language.

C++
A language based on C invented in 1980 by Bjarne Stroustrup. First called ''C with
classes," it has evolved into its own language.

C++ code
Computer instructions written in the C++ language.

C++ compiler
Software that translates C++ source code into machine code.

C++ syntax
See syntax.

call by reference
A parameter-passing mechanism where the actual parameter is not passed to a function,
but instead a pointer is used to point to it. (See also call by value.)

call by value
A procedure call where the parameters are passed by passing the values of the
parameters. (See also call by reference.)

case
Acts as a label for one of the alternatives in a switch statement.

cast
To convert a variable from one type to another type by explicitly indicating the type
conversion.

cerr
Standard error stream for C++. (Corresponds to C's stderr.)

CFront
A program to translate C++ code into C code. This program was the basis for the first
C++ compilers. Currently not used for most compilers, as many native C++ compilers
now exist.

CGA
Color graphics adapter. A common color graphics card for the IBM PC.

char
A C++ keyword used to declare variables that represent characters or small integers.

cin
Character in. Standard input stream for C++. (Corresponds to C's stdin.)

class
A data structure consisting of different data types, protections for the members, and
functions to manipulate them.

class (of a variable)
See storage class.

clear a bit
The operation of setting an individual bit to zero. This is not a defined operation in C++.

clog
Standard log file for C++.

code design
A document that describes in general terms how the program is to perform its function.

coding
The act of writing a program in a computer language.

command-line options
Options to direct the course of a program, such as a compiler, that are entered from the
computer console.

comment
Text included in a computer program for the sole purpose of providing information about
the program. Comments are a programmer's notes to himself and future programmers. The
text is ignored by the compiler.

comment block
A group of related comments that convey general information about a program or a section
of program.

compilation
The translation of source code into machine code.

compiler
A system program that does compilation.

compiling
See compilation.

complement
An arithmetic or logical operation. A logical complement is the same as an invert or NOT
operation.

computer language
See programming language.

conditional compilation
The ability to selectively compile parts of a program based on the truth of conditions tested
in conditional directives that surround the code.

continue
A flow control statement that causes the next execution of a loop to begin.
control statement
A statement that determines which statement is to be executed next based on a conditional
test.

control variable
A variable that is systematically changed during the execution of the loop. When the
variable reaches a predetermined value, the loop is terminated.

conversion specification
A C string used by the printf family of functions that specifies how a variable is to be
printed.

cout
Standard output for C++ programs. (Corresponds to C's stdout.)

curly braces
One of the characters { or }. They are used in C++ to delimit groups of elements to treat
them as a unit.

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