Friday, 10 January 2014

Glossary Terminology part3-D,E,F.

D
debugging
The process of finding and removing errors from a program.

decision statement
A statement that tests a condition created by a program and changes the flow of the program
based on that decision.

declaration
A specification of the type and name of a variable to be used in a program.

default
Serves as a case label if no case value match is found within the scope of a switch.

define statement
See #define.

delete
A directive that returns a class or variable created by new to the heap.

de-referencing operator
The operator that indicates access to thc value pointed to by a pointer variable or an
addressing expression. 

derived class
A class built on top of another, baseass.

directive
A command to the preprocessor (as opposed to a statement to produce machine code).

double
A C++ language keyword to declare a variable that contains a real number. The number
usually requires twice as much storage as type float.

double linked list
A linked list with both forward and backward pointers. 

double quotation mark
ASCII character 34. Used in C++ to delimit character strings.

E
EGA
Enhanced graphics adapter. A common graphics card for the IBM PC.

else
A clause in an if statement specifying the action to take in the event that the statement
following the if conditional is false.

enum
A C++ keyword that defines an enumerated data type.

enumerated data type
A data type consisting of a named set of values. The C++ compiler assigns an integer to
each member of the set.

EOF
End-of-file character defined in stdio.h.

escape character
A special character used to change the meaning of the character(s) that follow. This is
represented in C++ by the backslash character, \.

exclusive OR
A Boolean operation that yields 0 if both operands are the same and 1 if they are different.

executable file
A file containing machine code that has been linked and is ready to be run on a computer.

exponent
The component of a floating-point number that represents the integer power to which the
number base is raised in order to determine the represented number.

exponent overflow
A condition resulting from a floating-point operation where the result is an exponent too
large to fit within the bit field allotted to the exponent.

exponent underflow
A condition resulting from a floating-point operation where the result is an exponent too
large in negative value to fit within the bit field allotted to the exponent.

extern
C++ keyword used to indicate that a variable or function is defined outside the current file.

F
fast prototyping
A top-down programming technique that consists of writing the smallest portion of a
specification that can be implemented that will still do something.

fclose
A function that closes a file. From the old C-style I/O package stdio.

fflush
A routine to force the flushing of a buffer. From the old C-style I/O package stdio.

fgetc
A function that reads a single character. From the old C-style I/O package stdio.

fgets
A stream input library function that reads a single line. From the old C-style I/O package
stdio.

FILE
A macro definition in stdio that declares a file variable. From the old C-style I/O package
stdio.

file
A group of related records treated as a unit.

float
A C++ keyword to declare a variable that can hold a real number.

floating point
A numbering system represented by a fraction and an exponent. The system handles very
large and very small numbers.

floating-point exception (core dumped)
An error caused by a divide-by-0 or other illegal arithmetic operation. It is a somewhat
misleading error because it is caused by integer as well as floating-point errors.

floating-point hardware
Circuitry that can perform floating-point operations directly without resorting
to software. In personal computers, it is found in the math coprocessor. More advanced
processors such as the 80486 have floating-point units built in.

fopen
A function that opens a file for stream I/O. From the old C-style I/O package stdio.

fprintf
A function to convert binary data to character data and write it to a file. From the old
C-style I/O package stdio.

fputc
A function that writes a single character. From the old C-style I/O package stdio.

fputs
A function that writes a single line. From the old C-style I/O package stdio.

fread
A binary I/O input function. From the old C-style I/O package stdio.

free
A C function that returns data to the memory pool. Obsolete in C++. This has been replaced
by the C++ delete operator See also malloc.

Free Software Foundation
A group of programmers who create and distribute high-quality software for free. Among
their products are the editor emacs and the C++ compiler g++. Their address is: Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, (617)
876-3296.

friend
A function that although not a member of a class is able to access the private members of
that class.

fscanf
An input routine similar to scanf. From the old C-style I/O package stdio.

fstream.h
The C++ package for file I/O.

function
A procedure that returns a value.

fwrite
A binary I/O output function. From the old C-style I/O package stdio.

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